| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JZS160L. USA | 1997.08-2005.01 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (212 PS / 156 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JZS160L. EUR | 1997.08-2005.01 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (222 PS / 163 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JCR10L. USA | 2000.05-2005.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JCR10L. USA. WAGON | 2001.07-2005.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JZZ31L. CAN | 1991.11-1994.01 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JZZ31L. USA | 1991.11-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (212 PS / 156 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| 3.0L 2JZ-GE. JZZ31L. USA | 1995.07-2000.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (212 PS / 156 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JCE15W | 2001.06-2005.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JCE10W | 2001.06-2005.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZS147 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS147 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS147 | 1995.07-1997.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS147 | 1995.07-1997.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS160 | 1997.08-2005.01 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS161 | 1997.08-2005.01 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer V |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Avante 1 |
| JZX93 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer S |
| JZX91 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Avante 1 |
| JZX93 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer S |
| JZX91 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX105 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX101 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive AVANTE |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive TOURER S |
| JZX93 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX91 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive TOURER V |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive AVANTE |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive TOURER S |
| JZX93 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX91 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1996.09-1998.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX105 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX101 | 1996.09-2001.06 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1998.09-2001.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive ROULANT S |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZS131 | 1990.08-1991.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS131 | 1990.08-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS130G | 1990.08-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS141 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS133 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS135 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS143 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS145 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS141 | 1995.07-1995.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS143 | 1995.07-1995.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS145 | 1995.07-1995.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS131 | 1995.07-1995.12 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS133 | 1995.07-1995.12 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS135 | 1995.07-1995.12 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS130G | 1995.07-1999.04 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS151 | 1995.08-1999.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS155 | 1995.08-1999.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS153 | 1995.12-1999.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZS155 | 1995.12-1999.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS153 | 1995.12-2001.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZS151 | 1995.12-2001.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS157 | 1998.08-1999.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZS171 | 1999.09-2001.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS173 | 1999.09-2003.12 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (196 PS / 144 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZS179 | 1999.09-2003.12 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZS171W | 1999.12-2001.08 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS173W | 1999.12-2007.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (196 PS / 144 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZS149 | 1991.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS147 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS147 | 1995.07-1995.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS149 | 1995.07-1995.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (230 PS / 169 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZS155 | 1995.09-1999.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1992.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX81 | 1990.08-1993.02 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer S |
| JZX91 | 1992.10-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1992.10-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer V |
| JZX93 | 1993.10-1995.07 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX93 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX90 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (180 PS / 132 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer S |
| JZX91 | 1995.07-1996.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX105 | 1996.09-2000.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (196 PS / 144 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1996.09-2000.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX100 | 1996.09-2000.10 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive Tourer S |
| JZX101 | 1996.09-2000.10 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZX115 | 2000.10-2004.11 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (196 PS / 144 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZX115W | 2002.01-2007.06 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (196 PS / 144 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JCG17 | 2000.08-2001.04 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (215 PS / 158 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JCG10 | 1998.05-2001.04 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JCG11 | 1998.05-2001.04 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (215 PS / 158 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JCG15 | 1999.12-2001.04 | 2.5L GASOLINE 1JZ-GE EFI (200 PS / 147 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZZ31 | 1994.01-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZZ31 | 1995.07-2000.12 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80 | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (234 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80 | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.05-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (324 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1993.08-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive CND. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80L | 1993.08-1995.07 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (324 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1997.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive CND. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1997.09 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (324 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (220 PS / 162 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (234 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive USA. AET [LIFTBACK (W/SPORT ROOF)] |
| JZA80L | 1995.07-1998.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (324 PS / 238 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive |
| JZA80 | 1995.07-2002.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GE EFI (225 PS / 165 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| JZA80 | 1995.07-2002.08 | 3.0L GASOLINE 2JZ-GTE EFI (280 PS / 206 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
Masuma valve cover gaskets are not less durable and elastic than original. A special composition of rubber and polymer compounds provides the high oil resistance at the wide range of thermal modes.
About Masuma
Masuma is a global brand specializing in auto parts, components, and consumables. The company focuses on producing high-wear replacement parts for post-warranty maintenance of Asian and European vehicles.
Masuma’s strategy is to deliver the best balance of reliability and cost, making quality parts accessible to more drivers and service professionals. All products are developed according to Masuma’s own specifications and manufactured under strict quality control by Masuma Auto Spare Parts Co., LTD (Tokyo, Japan) at multiple state-of-the-art factories across East Asia.