Complete product catalogue
Brake pads Masuma, MS-1404
Article:
MS-1404
About product
Applicability
OEM
DELTA VAN
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| KR41 | 1996.10-1999.01 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K-J CARBURETOR (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42 | 1996.10-1999.01 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K CARBURETOR (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41 | 1996.10-1999.01 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42 | 1999.01-2002.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K-E EFI (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42 | 1999.01-2002.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-E EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42 | 1999.01-2002.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-E EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
DELTA WAGON
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| SR40 | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3S-FE EFI (115 PS / 85 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR40 | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-T (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR40 | 1998.08-1999.01 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-T (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40 | 1998.08-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3S-FE EFI (115 PS / 85 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50 | 1999.01-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3S-FE EFI (115 PS / 85 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR50 | 1999.01-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-TE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40 | 1999.01-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-TE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50 | 2000.10-2001.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3S-FE EFI (115 PS / 85 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| SR40 | 2000.10-2001.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3S-FE EFI (115 PS / 85 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR50 | 2000.10-2001.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-TE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40 | 2000.10-2001.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3C-TE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
ESTIMA
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| TCR20W | 1996.08-1998.01 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10W | 1996.08-1998.01 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20W | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21W | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11W | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10W | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20W | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21W | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10W | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11W | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFZE EFI (160 PS / 118 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
ESTIMA EMINA
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| CXR21G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR11G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR20G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR10G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR21G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR11G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR20G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR10G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
ESTIMA LUCIDA
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| CXR20G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR10G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR21G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR11G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11G | 1996.08-1998.06 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR20G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR10G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (100 PS / 74 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CXR21G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CXR11G | 1998.06-1999.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (105 PS / 77 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR20G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR21G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| TCR10G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| TCR11G | 1998.06-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (135 PS / 99 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
LITEACE
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| KR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42V | 1998.12-2004.07 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42V | 1998.12-2004.07 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.12-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.12-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM75 | 1999.06-2002.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM75 | 1999.06-2002.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM70 | 1999.06-2004.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM70 | 1999.06-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM75 | 2002.08-2004.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM75 | 2002.08-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
LITEACE NOAH
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| SR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CT (91 PS / 67 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR50G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (94 PS / 69 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (94 PS / 69 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR50G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (94 PS / 69 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (94 PS / 69 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
PREVIA
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| TCR21L | 1990.05-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (132 PS / 97 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Left Hand Drive W |
| TCR10L | 1990.05-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (132 PS / 97 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive W |
| TCR11L | 1990.05-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (132 PS / 97 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive W |
| TCR20L | 1990.05-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (150 PS / 110 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Left Hand Drive W |
| TCR10L | 1993.08-1999.12 | 2.4L GASOLINE 2TZFE EFI (140 PS / 103 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Left Hand Drive GEN |
TOWNACE
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| KR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1996.11-1998.08 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.5L GASOLINE 5K (70 PS / 51 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7K (76 PS / 56 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR41V | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L DIESEL 2C (73 PS / 54 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42V | 1998.12-2004.07 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR42V | 1998.12-2004.07 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.12-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KR42V | 1998.12-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM75 | 1999.06-2002.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM75 | 1999.06-2002.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM70 | 1999.06-2004.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM70 | 1999.06-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CM75 | 2002.08-2004.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CE EFI (79 PS / 58 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| KM75 | 2002.08-2007.08 | 1.8L GASOLINE 7KE (82 PS / 60 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
TOWNACE NOAH
| Body/Volume | Installation period | Car configuration |
|---|---|---|
| SR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 1996.10-1998.08 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CT (91 PS / 67 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 1998.08-1998.12 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CT (91 PS / 67 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR50G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (92 PS / 68 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 1998.12-2000.10 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (92 PS / 68 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 1998.12-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| SR50G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| SR40G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.0L GASOLINE 3SFE EFI (130 PS / 96 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
| CR50G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (92 PS / 68 kW) Four-wheel drive (4WD). Right Hand Drive |
| CR40G | 2000.10-2001.11 | 2.2L DIESEL 3CTE EFI (92 PS / 68 kW) Rear-wheel drive. Right Hand Drive |
Specifications:
A, Length: 128.2 mm
B, Height: 55 mm
C, Thickness: 15.5 mm
B, Height: 55 mm
C, Thickness: 15.5 mm
The friction material of Masuma brake pads is the result of 10 years studies of various compositions and component quantities. Eventually the company could gain the optimal efficiency, thermal stability in different operation modes, low noise and reasonable generation of dust.
About Masuma
Masuma is a global brand specializing in auto parts, components, and consumables. The company focuses on producing high-wear replacement parts for post-warranty maintenance of Asian and European vehicles.
Masuma’s strategy is to deliver the best balance of reliability and cost, making quality parts accessible to more drivers and service professionals. All products are developed according to Masuma’s own specifications and manufactured under strict quality control by Masuma Auto Spare Parts Co., LTD (Tokyo, Japan) at multiple state-of-the-art factories across East Asia.